In this ⁠Huberman Lab Essentials⁠ episode, I explore how biological rhythms and neurochemicals impact our perception of time. I describe how the body aligns with daily and seasonal light cycles to regulate hormones that influence energy, mood and motivation throughout the year. I share science-based tools to enhance focus and productivity, including strategies for structuring work intervals and optimizing the timing of exercise and daily light exposure. I also explain how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin influence our perception of time and how factors such as novelty, emotion and routine impact how we experience and recall time. Episode show notes: Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past full-length Huberman Lab episodes. Watch the full-length episode: Watch more Huberman Lab Essentials episodes: *Follow Huberman Lab* Instagram: Threads: @hubermanlab X: Facebook: TikTok: @hubermanlab LinkedIn: Website: Newsletter: *Timestamps* 00:00:00 Time Perception 00:00:48 Entrainment, Circannual Rhythms & Melatonin 00:04:22 Circadian Rhythms, Tools: Exercise; Morning & Evening Light for Circadian Entrainment 00:09:01 Ultradian Cycles, Focus & Work 00:12:37 Time Perception, Past, Present & Future 00:14:53 Dopamine, Norepinephrine & Serotonin, Time Perception 00:17:11 Dopamine & Serotonin, Daily Fluctuations, Tool: Structuring Work, Sleep 00:18:52 Trauma, “Over-clocking”, Slowing Time & Emotions 00:23:30 Event Perception (Fun vs Boring), Time & Memories 00:26:37 Novel Experiences, Places & People, Retrospective Time 00:28:38 Habits, Tool: Schedule Functional Units 00:30:13 Recap & Book Suggestion Disclaimer & Disclosures: