The CPU is complex, so as you can imagine, optimizations exist to ensure that it runs as efficiently as possible without idling. In today's episode, we look at the pipeline - An ingenious optimization technique, but also one that comes with a set of caveats and gotchas! = CONTENTS PAGE = 00:00 Opening 01:07 CPU Basics - Instructions 01:22 Stages of an Instruction 03:32 Idle Time 04:16 Introduction to Pipelining 05:09 Introduction to Hazards 05:51 Example: Read-After-Write Hazard 06:41 Pipeline Stalls 07:24 Operand Forwarding 08:18 Out-of-Order Execution 10:20 Dealing with Branching 11:27 The Problem and Pipeline Flush 12:14 Branch Prediction 14:20 Conclusion ----- Attribution: My thanks extend to the creators who have kindly placed their work in the public domain: Backdrop loop: CPU Removal: CPU Spin: Abstract: Sci-fi Future: % %20Deep% %20Funk% %20with% %20Bad%20Brass% % %20Low% ----- Want to contribute to the channel? Consider using the "Super Thanks" feature above, or visit my website at to find alternative ways to donate. Thank you! ----- Disclaimer: Please note that any information is provided on this channel in good faith, but I cannot guarantee 100% accuracy / correctness on all content. Contributors to this channel are not to be held responsible for any possible outcomes from your use of the information.