In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the biology and psychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and discuss both prescription and non-prescription treatment options. I discuss the neural circuits involved in attention and concentration, emphasizing dopamine's role in regulating and coordinating focus. I explain how common prescription stimulants like Ritalin, Adderall, and Modafinil act on the brain to treat ADHD, and discuss non-drug approaches, including supplements and behavioral training to support focus. The episode offers tools and insights beneficial not only for those with ADHD but for anyone seeking to improve attention and focus. Episode show notes: Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past full-length Huberman Lab episodes. Watch the full-length episode: Watch more Huberman Lab Essentials episodes: *Follow Huberman Lab* Instagram: Threads: @hubermanlab X: Facebook: TikTok: @hubermanlab LinkedIn: Website: Newsletter: *Timestamps* 00:00:00 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 00:01:10 ADHD Challenges, Attention, Impulsivity, Hyperfocus, Time Perception, Working Memory 00:05:22 Dopamine & Focus; Default Mode Network & Task Network 00:10:15 ADHD & Low-Dopamine Hypothesis, Stimulants, Sugar 00:14:33 ADHD Prescriptions, Ritalin, Adderall, Stimulants 00:16:23 Children, Learning to Focus & ADHD Prescriptions 00:19:31 Attentional Blinks, Tool: Improve Focus, Open-Monitoring, Panoramic Vision 00:23:31 Blinking, Dopamine & Time Perception, Tool: Visual Focus Training 00:27:43 Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil, Side Effects, Tapering 00:29:32 Omega-3 Fatty Acids, EPA, DHA & Attention Effects; Phosphatidylserine 00:31:28 Modafinil, Armodafinil 00:32:18 Acetylcholine, Alpha-GPC 00:34:21 L-Tyrosine, Dopamine, Preexisting Conditions & Caution 00:35:18 Smartphones & Focus, Tool: Limiting Smartphone Use 00:37:23 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures: