Today, we're joined by Ron Diamant, chief architect for Trainium at Amazon Web Services, to discuss hardware acceleration for generative AI and the design and role of the recently released Trainium2 chip. We explore the architectural differences between Trainium and GPUs, highlighting its systolic array-based compute design, and how it balances performance across key dimensions like compute, memory bandwidth, memory capacity, and network bandwidth. We also discuss the Trainium tooling ecosystem including the Neuron SDK, Neuron Compiler, and Neuron Kernel Interface (NKI). We also dig into the various ways Trainum2 is offered, including Trn2 instances, UltraServers, and UltraClusters, and access through managed services like AWS Bedrock. Finally, we cover sparsity optimizations, customer adoption, performance benchmarks, support for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, and what’s next for Trainium. 🎧 / 🎥 Listen or watch the full episode on our page: 🔔 Subscribe to our channel for more great content just like this: 🗣️ CONNECT WITH US! =============================== Subscribe to the TWIML AI Podcast: Follow us on Twitter: Follow us on LinkedIn: Join our Slack Community: Subscribe to our newsletter: Want to get in touch? Send us a message: 📖 CHAPTERS =============================== 00:00 - Introduction 4:45 - Current landscape for chip workloads 8:31 - Design considerations in chip architecture 13:45 - Kernels 15:44 - Trainium architecture vs GPU architecture 18:27 - User awareness of architectural differences 20:47 - Neuron Kernel Interface (NKI) 21:44 - CUDA vs NKI for Trainium2 25:06 - CUDA in 2025 29:25 - User base of Trainium and Trainium2 33:03 - Trainium2 chip 36:14 - Trn2 instances, UltraServers, and UltraClusters 39:19 - Trainium for inference workloads 42:12 - Customer collaborations 47:06 - Considerations in scaling large-scale chips 52:40 - Sparsity in Trainium2 58:27 - Mixture of experts 1:00:04 - Kernels 1:02:02 - Evolution of Trainium architecture 1:05:19 - Future predictions 🔗 LINKS & RESOURCES =============================== AWS Trainium - AWS Trainium2 Instances Now Generally Available - Amazon EC2 Trn2 instances and UltraServers - AWS Neuron - Apple's recent appearance at re:Invent 2024 - 📸 Camera: 🎙️Microphone: 🚦Lights: 🎛️ Audio Interface: 🎚️ Stream Deck: