Sankey and Chord diagrams are powerful visualization tools used to illustrate flows and relationships between entities. Sankey diagrams represent directional flows, with arrows whose thickness corresponds to the quantity transferred from one node to another. These are ideal for visualizing data such as population migration, energy transfer, website traffic, or financial transactions. Chord diagrams, in contrast, use circular layouts to show interconnections between categories, with arcs that bundle links based on relationships. While Sankey diagrams are more intuitive for tracking flows from source to destination, chord diagrams offer a comprehensive view of multidirectional relationships. Using Python libraries like Plotly, HoloViews, and Pandas, users can create both diagram types to display data clearly and interactively. Migration data from New Zealand was visualized to show continental flows using Sankey charts and later converted into chord format for comparison. Financial data, such as Apple’s product and revenue breakdowns, were also modeled using both diagrams. Sankey diagrams displayed stepwise movement from product sales to profits, while chord diagrams mapped the same connections radially. Each diagram type has its strengths—Sankey suits linear flow, while Chord diagrams shine in showing complex networks. The choice between them depends on the nature and directionality of the data being analyzed.











