In this lesson, we demystify passive filters — the building blocks that shape signals in audio, radio, power supplies, and sensor circuits. We cover: 0:00 Introduction and walkthrough 3:35 Ideal filter characteristics vs real filter trade-offs (roll-off, ripple, bandwidth) 5:55 Low-Pass Filter (LPF) — principle, ideal vs real, practical examples 9:25 High-Pass Filter (HPF) — behavior, cutoff, and where you meet it in devices 12:22 Band-Pass Filter (BPF) — design idea and use in communications 14:33 Band-Reject / Notch Filter (BRF) — removing unwanted frequencies (e.g., 50/60 Hz hum) 17:50 Clear real-time examples to connect theory with practice What you’ll get: Intuition for when to use each filter type Frequency-response understanding (cutoff, center freq, bandwidth) Practical examples you encounter every day (audio crossovers, EMI suppression, sensor anti-aliasing) A short summary and take-away checklist for lab and design 🔧 Who is this for? ECE/EE students, hobbyists, lab instructors, and anyone who wants to go beyond formulas and see how filters behave in the real world. 📚 Related playlists Circuit Simulation Series (PSPICE): _ AC Circuit Analysis Series: _ (add your actual AC playlist link if different) 📌 Like • Comment your filter questions • Subscribe for electronics lessons!