How a helicopter built of phone parts survived Mars for 3 years. Use code veritasium at to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan. Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together. Correction: 0:12, we say that ingenuity is 680g which is its weight on Mars. On Earth however, it weighs around 1800g. Clarifications: - A Patreon supporter named Zeus pointed out that we were wrong about Perseverance's/Ingenuity's position on Mars. It is in the Northern Hemisphere and hence Mars would be getting closer to the Sun as it goes into winter. - Ingenuity was on Mars for 1004 Earth days. Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - ▀▀▀ A massive thank you to the team at JPL and especially Teddy Tzanetos, Travis Brown, Håvard Grip and DC Agle Check out Astrum's video on Mars - ▀▀▀ 0:00 How Did Ingenuity Get To Mars? 3:23 Better Results, Bigger Expectations 6:15 Wobblecopter 7:48 Dust On Mars 9:41 What Is The Temperature On Mars? 11:54 Wake-Up Call 13:41 Android To The Rescue 16:22 Cosmic Rays 20:53 Dune and The Crash 25:26 The Next Generation ▀▀▀ References: Ingenuity Mars Helicopter - NASA Science via - Ingenuity (helicopter) via Wikipedia - Mars Facts | NASA Mars Exploration via - Inside the Ingenuity Helicopter Teamwork on Mars via - Ingenuity Adapts for Mars Winter Operations via - Ingenuity Is Doing Surprisingly Well via - Remember NASA's Little Mars Copter? It's Still Going Strong via - How Far Away Is Mars? via - Mars Cameras via - Mars Exploration Meeting Documentation via - Ingenuity Quick Facts via - Flight 14 Delayed via - Additional References - Images & Video: Images and video from Perseverance and Ingenuity missions supplied by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Matthias (3 axis accelerometer, 3 axis gyroscope) Veritasium. The Limiting Factor NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. VideoFromSpace. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Veritasium. Sighawke. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. JPL Raw. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Apex Clips. Veritasium. Cyber Chaos Crew. NBC News. Further image and video credits - ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, HydrochloRick, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee ▀▀▀ Directed by Henry van Dyck Written by Henry van Dyck Edited by Trenton Oliver On-site Interviews by Jonny Hyman Filming by Alex Gorosh Produced by Rob Beasley Spence, Tori Brittain, Jonny Hyman, Henry van Dyck, Gabe Strong, Zoe Heron, and Derek Muller Animated by Emma Wright and Mike Radjabov Additional Research by Gabe Strong and Darius Garewal Additional Editing by James Stuart Thumbnail contributions by Ben Powell, Ren Hurley, Peter Sheppard, Gregor Čavlović and Henry van Dyck Additional video/photos supplied by NASA JPL, Getty Images and Storyblocks Music from Epidemic Sound